dè sang iì, iu, ilu, i | vès wadeit fei |
The nominative pronouns are used only for emphasis or to fit a poetic meter.
Hushuka dè sala. Òësào sang li! | I love you. (emphasis on "I") Do it! (a very strong and extremely rude imperative. The emphasis on "sang" implies an insult to the addressee's social status or mental capacity) |
dèlè sala liì, liu, lilu, li | lès wale lèfi |
Used for direct object.
dèt sate to, tò, tilu, to | vèt wata tèfei |
Used for indirect object.
dènè sosèng wai, wu, wilu, wi | vènèng wanèng wei |
By Classical Mungayöd, the genitive pronouns had ceased to be pre-nominal particles (i.e., appearing before the possessed noun) and had moved into the adjectival position after the noun, thus paralleling the role that words like "my", "your", and "our" fulfill in English.
dès zana zilì, ziu, izu, zi | zès was feizê |
Used for static relationships: location, certain forms of possesion.
sòs sonòs sò, sòju, sòlu, sò | sovòs sòweis sòfei |
Marks relationships of association, as well as utilization. Corresponds almost directly to the uses of English "with".
dèjeng djang dji, djiu, dju, dji | zhès djèdeit feidju |
Used for motion of any kind. The exact direction of the indicated motion can be clarified either by a preposition or by the verb itself.